Which of the following documents is typically required to validate a real estate transaction?

A signed purchase agreement is crucial in validating a real estate transaction because it serves as a legally binding contract between the buyer and the seller. This document outlines the terms and conditions of the sale, including the purchase price, contingencies, and timelines for both parties. Without this agreement, there is no formal understanding or acknowledgment of the transaction, making it difficult to enforce the sale or hold either party accountable.

While buyers may need to provide their credit report to secure financing, and title insurance is important for protecting against potential claims on the title, these are not foundational documents for establishing the transaction itself. Additionally, a home inspection certificate is valuable for assessing the condition of the property but does not impact the validity of the transaction directly. Thus, the signed purchase agreement is the key document that legitimizes the real estate transaction.